Dec. 5, 2019
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It is a matter of astonishment to many that the luscious mango, Mangifera indica L., one of the most celebrated of tropical fruits, is a member of the family Anacardiaceae-notorious for embracing a number of highly poisonous plants. The extent to which the mango tree shares some of the characteristics of its relatives will be explained further on. The universality of its renown is attested by the wide usage of the name, mango in English and Spanish and, with only slight variations in French (mangot, mangue, manguier), Portuguese (manga, mangueira), and Dutch (manja). In some parts, of Africa, it is called mangou, or mangoro. There are dissimilar terms only in certain tribal dialects. Description![]()
Nearly evergreen, alternate leaves are borne mainly in rosettes at the tips of the branches and numerous
twigs from which they droop like ribbons on slender petioles 1 to 4 in (2.5-10 cm) long. The new leaves,
appearing periodically and irregularly on a few branches at a time, are yellowish, pink, deep-rose or
wine-red, becoming dark-green and glossy above, lighter beneath. The midrib is pale and conspicuous and
the many horizontal veins distinct. Full-grown leaves may be 4 to 12.5 in (10-32 cm) long and 3/4 to
2 1/8 in (2-5.4 cm) wide. Hundreds and even as many as 3,000 to 4,000 small, yellowish or reddish flowers,
25% to 98% male, the rest hermaphroditic, are borne in profuse, showy, erect, pyramidal, branched clusters
2 1/2 to 15 1/2 in (6-40 cm) high. There is great variation in the form, size, color and quality of the fruits.
There is a single, longitudinally ribbed, pale yellowish-white, somewhat woody stone, flattened, oval or kidney-shaped, sometimes rather elongated. It may have along one side a beard of short or long fibers clinging to the flesh cavity, or it may be nearly fiberless and free. Within the stone is the starchy seed, monoembryonic (usually single-sprouting) or polyembryonic (usually producing more than one seedling).
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